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Otto Lipmann
Otto Lipmann (6 March 1880 – 7 October 1933) was a German psychologist, an expert in vocational guidance, and one of the pioneers in the use of counseling for the selection of a profession.
== Biography ==
Otto Lipmann was born in Breslau on March 6, 1880. His parents were Emo Lipmann and Hulda Wendrina. In 1904, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Breslau. Over the years, Lipmann contributed to several fields of psychology, especially industrial psychology, with the development of the first selection tests for aviators in Germany, and also for typesetters, industrial apprentices, telegraphists and academic workers, amongst others.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.siop.org/tip/backissues/Oct05/pdf/Sheridan%20PDFs/432_031to035.pdf )〕 He also introduced the principles of vocational guidance in that country, and was the first psychologist to employ statistics in his works, which include “Psychische Geschlechts Unterschiede”, “Wirtschafts psychologie und psychologische Berufsberatung”, “Die psychologische Analyse der höheren Berufe” y “Grundriss der Arbeitswissenschaft und Ergebnisse der arbeitswissenschaftlichen Statistik”.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0013_0_12579.html )〕
In 1906, along with psychologist William Stern, Lipmann founded the Institute for Applied Psychology in Berlin, and in 1908, the Journal of Applied Psychology (“Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie”). In 1920, along with Curt Piorkowski, he founded the Institute of Professional and Business Psychology, which was in charge of the development of psychological tests of professional skills and vocational guidance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:KBs2k4poIxEJ:e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/iupsys/Origins/Imada/im03ch02.htm+otto+lipmann&cd=62&hl=es-419&ct=clnk&gl=ar&client=firefox-a )〕 As a consequence of the rise of the National Socialist party in Germany, on October 1, 1933, Lipmann was discharged as an editor of the Journal of Applied Psychology. That same year he was forced to turn down a job offer from the University of Berlin, an opportunity he had considered due to his declining finances.〔
Lipmann married Gertrude Wendrina, with whom he had two children, Hans and Emily Marta (born on July 6, 1907). On October 7, 1933, Lipmann died of an unexpected heart failure. In 1937, his daughter Emily emigrated from Germany, and so did his wife one year later. Gertrude died in Alexandria, Egypt, in December 1941. Emily married Vladimir Kaplun and they had three daughters, Katherine, Helen and Irene.
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